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What do the instrumentation codes and abbreviations mean?

What do the instrumentation codes and abbreviations mean?

Coding for instrument ensembles and orchestras

Symphony orchestra
2222 4331 11 1, str = 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 French horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, one other percussionist, harp and strings

wind orchestra
2252 3 423 21212 3 = 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 5 clarinets, 2 bassoons - 3 saxophones - 4 French horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones - 2 cornets, alto horn, 2 tenor horns, baritone horn, 2 tubas - 3 percussionists

big band
221 4 4, pno, guit, db, dr = 2 alto saxophones, 2 tenor saxophones, baritone saxophone, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones, piano, guitar, double bass, drums

The instrument abbreviations used are fairly common, following those used by the British Library, the Library of Congress and various publishers. A list of instruments can be browsed in the advanced search function.

Additional codes


+fl+pic = flutist doubles on piccolo
/pno/org = can be played on either piano or organ
libad libitum
oblobligato
strstr: 65432 = specified number of string players
str minstr min: 65432 = at least 65432
str max str max: 65432 = not more than 65432
solovln solo = violin is the solo instrument in a work not obviously for solo violin

Note that when searching titles by year or duration, many suitable titles may not be returned because of them not having a year of composition or duration listed. To find solos, accompanied solo instruments and ensembles of only one instrument, like for instance 3 clarinets, please search by the instrument, not by using the category of chamber music.